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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants stratified by survival status

From: Associations between five indicators of epigenetic age acceleration and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among US adults aged 50 years and older

Characteristic

Surviving participants (n = 952)

Dead participants (n = 1014)

p value

Age, years Biological age

60.42 ± 7.23

71.10 ± 9.16

 < 0.001

HorvathAge, years

62.33 ± 7.03

70.97 ± 8.96

 < 0.001

HannumAge, years

62.02 ± 7.51

71.52 ± 9.19

 < 0.001

PhenoAge, years

50.12 ± 8.24

60.62 ± 10.35

 < 0.001

GrimAge, years

60.97 ± 6.53

70.91 ± 7.77

 < 0.001

GrimAge2, years

66.83 ± 6.61

76.62 ± 7.58

 < 0.001

Epigenetic age acceleration

   

AAHorvathAge

1.91 ± 5.00

−0.13 ± 6.65

 < 0.001

AAHannumAge

1.60 ± 5.05

0.42 ± 6.36

 < 0.001

AAPhenoAge

−10.30 ± 6.06

−10.48 ± 7.85

0.559

AAGrimAge

0.55 ± 4.98

−0.19 ± 5.74

0.003

AAGrimAge2

6.41 ± 5.46

5.52 ± 6.31

 < 0.001

PIR

2.94 (1.38–5.00)

1.84 (1.11–3.32)

 < 0.001

BMI, kg/m2

29.02 ± 5.65

28.44 ± 5.95

0.029

Male, n (%)

457 (48.00)

552 (54.44)

0.004

Race, n (%)

  

 < 0.001

Non-Hispanic White

368 (38.66)

472 (46.55)

 

Non-Hispanic Black

168 (17.65)

225 (22.19)

 

Hispanic

376 (39.50)

292 (28.80)

 

Other

40 (4.20)

25 (2.47)

 

Education, n (%)

  

 < 0.001

Below high school

350 (36.76)

501 (49.41)

 

High school

185 (19.43)

228 (22.49)

 

Above high school

417 (43.80)

285 (28.11)

 

Marital status, n (%)

  

 < 0.001

Married/cohabiting

670 (70.38)

605 (59.66)

 

Separated/divorced/widowed

244 (25.63)

369 (36.39)

 

Never married/unknown

38 (3.99)

40 (3.94)

 

Smoking status, n (%)

  

0.008

Never smoker

471 (49.47)

435 (42.90)

 

Former smoker

361 (37.92)

418 (41.22)

 

Current smoker

120 (12.61)

161 (15.88)

 

Drinking status, n (%)

  

0.03

Nondrinking

627 (65.86)

620 (61.14)

 

Drinking

325 (34.14)

394 (38.86)

 

Physical activity, n (%)

  

 < 0.001

Inactive

436 (45.80)

601 (59.27)

 

Insufficient

203 (21.32)

154 (15.19)

 

Active

313 (32.88)

259 (25.54)

 

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

5.47 ± 0.99

5.40 ± 1.08

0.174

Albumin, g/L

42.96 ± 2.89

42.40 ± 3.06

 < 0.001

eGFR, mL/min

91.66 ± 16.34

79.44 ± 22.02

 < 0.001

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

165 (17.33)

293 (28.90)

 < 0.001

ASCVD, n (%)

64 (6.72)

174 (17.16)

 < 0.001

CHF, n (%)

15 (1.58)

90 (8.88)

 < 0.001

COPD, n (%)

139 (14.60)

168 (16.57)

0.23

Cancer, n (%)

90 (9.45)

184 (18.15)

 < 0.001

Chronic renal disease (eGFR < 60 mL/min), n (%)

39 (4.10)

199 (19.63)

 < 0.001

  1. The data was shown as mean (standard deviation) or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables, n (%) for categorical variables
  2. N, number of subjects; %, weighted percentage
  3. PIR poverty income ratio, BMI body mass index, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ASCVD atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, CHF chronic heart failure, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Clinical Epigenetics

ISSN: 1868-7083

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