Fig. 1

Schematic overview of two DNA conversion approaches for CpG methylation detection. A Bisulfite conversion, B enzymatic conversion. X denotes either \(\hbox {CH}_{2}\)O or C\({_7}\hbox {H}_{13}\hbox {O}_{6}\) for 5-carboxyl cytosine (5caC) and 5-(beta-glucosyloxymethyl) cytosine (5gmC), respectively. Enzymatic steps are shown in orange boxes, whereas chemical steps are shown in blue boxes. Note that EC makes use of a blocking step followed by a conversion step, whereas BC uses consecutive conversion steps. Both methods result in an unmethylated cytosine-to-thymine conversion. Created with BioRender.com