Fig. 3

Characterization of glucocorticoid-induced DMPs in epigenetic clock. A Venn diagram showing overlapping relationships. The numbers indicate the counts of the DMPs associated with preterm birth or prenatal corticosteroid exposure in neonates. The 92 DMPs demonstrated a consistent pattern of methylation alterations across the two comparisons. B EWAS trait enrichment analysis of the above 92 DMPs. C EWAS trait enrichment analysis of the multi-tissue predictor marked 353 CpGs. D The overlapped multi-tissue predictor marked DMPs associated with the prenatal corticosteroid exposure in neonates (Neonates), cortisol exposure in IMR90 cells (IMR90 cells), and dexamethasone exposure in HPC cells during the proliferation phase (HPC cells). E Gene Ontology-biological processes (GO-BP) analysis of 188 DMPs-annotated genes. F The relative DNA methylation levels of 10 overlapping DMPs in the non-treated control (blue bar) are compared to the respective corticosteroid-exposed neonates (Neonates, red bar), cortisol-exposed IMR90 cells (IMR90), dexamethasone-exposed HPC cells (HPC) during the 3-day proliferation phase (Dex 3 d), and during both the 3-day proliferation and 7-day neuronal differentiation phases (Dex 10 d). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 from Student t test