Fig. 2
Regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis in CVDs. (By Figdraw.) Harmful lipid peroxides are eliminated by intracellular antioxidant systems. The production of ROS is not always effectively balanced by the antioxidant system. There are three major regulatory pathways regulate ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases: the xCT System, the Xc-GSH-GPX4 axis, and the FSP1-CoQ-NADPH pathway. SLC7A11, subunit solute carrier family 7 member 11; Glu, glutamate; Gly, glycine; GSH, glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4; GSR, glutathione-disulfide reductase, Nrf2, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2; CoQ10, coenzyme Q10; FSP1, ferroptosis suppressor protein 1; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; CoQH2, ubiquinol; PUFAs-OH, lipid alcohols; PUFAs-OOH, lipid hydroperoxides; ROS, reactive oxygen species