Fig. 2

Characterization of 3D neo-cartilage derived from hiPSCs sources relative to hPAC. A Representative histological staining images of the neo-cartilages by Alcian Blue staining showing glycosaminoglycan deposition. B Quantification of Alcian Blue histology of hCiC and hFiC, respectively, in different time-points of differentiation compared to hPAC. C Representative immunohistochemistry images of neo-cartilage stained with Collagen-2 antibody. D Quantification of Collagen-2 immunohistochemistry of hCiC and hFiC, respectively, in different time-points of differentiation process compared to hPAC. Scale bars at day 7: 50 μm, other scale bars: 100 μm. All data are presented as mean ± STD. Two-tailed Student’s t tests were used to compare 1) each group relative to chondroprogenitor cells (stars on top of the bars) and 2) each group relative to hPAC (indicated by lines). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 (N = 6–9 pellets each)