From: Causal effects of cardiovascular health on five epigenetic clocks
 | No. of SNPs | F | IVW | Weighted median | MR-Egger | MR-PRESSO | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CVH factors | β (SE), year | p Value | q Value | β (SE), year | p Value | q Value | β (SE), year | p Value | q Value | No. of outliers | β (SE), years | p Value | q Value | ||
Clinical factors | |||||||||||||||
Total cholesterol (1SD) | 117 | 125 | − 0.188 (0.084) | 2.47E-02 | 9.18E-02 | − 0.104 (0.128) | 4.16E-01 | 8.77E-01 | − 0.085 (0.137) | 5.39E-01 | 8.72E-01 | 2 | − 0.157 (0.078) | 4.82E-02 | 1.51E-01 |
Fasting glucose (1SD) | 85 | 109 | − 0.146 (0.226) | 5.18E-01 | 6.64E-01 | − 0.003 (0.301) | 9.93E-01 | 9.93E-01 | 0.368 (0.431) | 3.95E-01 | 8.22E-01 | 1 | − 0.106 (0.214) | 6.21E-01 | 7.06E-01 |
DBP (1 mmHg) | 793 | 65 | 0.002 (0.008) | 8.23E-01 | 8.23E-01 | − 0.002 (0.013) | 8.62E-01 | 9.29E-01 | − 0.009 (0.021) | 6.71E-01 | 8.72E-01 | 2 | 0.006 (0.008) | 4.99E-01 | 6.56E-01 |
SBP (1 mmHg) | 756 | 64 | 0.005 (0.005) | 3.51E-01 | 5.38E-01 | − 0.002 (0.007) | 7.39E-01 | 8.85E-01 | − 0.013 (0.013) | 3.26E-01 | 7.71E-01 | 4 | 0.005 (0.005) | 2.80E-01 | 4.72E-01 |
Lifestyle factors | |||||||||||||||
BMI (1SD) | 941 | 58 | 0.599 (0.081) | 1.12E-13 | 2.91E-12 | 0.632 (0.124) | 3.58E-07 | 9.31E-05 | 0.912 (0.249) | 2.60E-04 | 6.77E-03 | 2 | 0.598 (0.080) | 1.48E-13 | 3.70E-12 |
Smoking status | |||||||||||||||
Current | 16 | 40 | 5.314 (1.658) | 1.35E-03 | 8.76E-03 | 4.293 (2.224) | 5.35E-02 | 1.99E-01 | 8.568 (7.513) | 2.73E-01 | 7.71E-01 | 0 | 5.314 (1.491) | 2.83E-03 | 1.77E-02 |
Previous | 20 | 38 | 0.661 (1.357) | 6.26E-01 | 6.79E-01 | 1.791 (1.478) | 2.26E-01 | 5.87E-01 | 17.208 (7.011) | 2.45E-02 | 2.12E-01 | 1 | 1.305 (1.180) | 2.83E-01 | 4.72E-01 |
Never | 76 | 41 | − 2.981 (0.524) | 1.25E-08 | 1.63E-07 | − 2.284 (0.746) | 2.19E-03 | 2.84E-02 | − 6.766 (2.292) | 4.22E-03 | 5.49E-02 | 0 | − 2.981 (0.524) | 2.30E-07 | 2.88E-06 |
Amount of smoking | |||||||||||||||
Pack-years (1SD) | 11 | 73 | 1.016 (0.413) | 1.40E-02 | 6.06E-02 | 1.218 (0.439) | 5.49E-03 | 4.76E-02 | 1.935 (0.950) | 7.20E-02 | 4.68E-01 | 0 | 1.016 (0.413) | 3.38E-02 | 1.27E-01 |
Number of days/week of physical activity 10 + minutes | |||||||||||||||
Moderate (1SD) | 16 | 36 | − 0.322 (0.277) | 2.45E-01 | 5.38E-01 | 0.128 (0.364) | 7.24E-01 | 8.85E-01 | − 1.418 (1.795) | 4.43E-01 | 8.22E-01 | 0 | − 0.322 (0.277) | 2.63E-01 | 4.72E-01 |
Vigorous (1SD) | 11 | 40 | − 0.477 (0.438) | 2.76E-01 | 5.38E-01 | − 0.272 (0.489) | 5.79E-01 | 8.85E-01 | − 3.032 (3.634) | 4.26E-01 | 8.22E-01 | 0 | − 0.477 (0.438) | 3.02E-01 | 4.72E-01 |
Types of physical activity in the last 4Â weeks | |||||||||||||||
Heavy DIY | 19 | 35 | 1.921 (1.189) | 1.06E-01 | 2.77E-01 | 2.136 (1.516) | 1.59E-01 | 5.17E-01 | 0.321 (7.776) | 9.68E-01 | 9.68E-01 | 0 | 1.921 (1.049) | 8.38E-02 | 2.33E-01 |
Light DIY | 13 | 40 | − 3.414 (1.998) | 8.75E-02 | 2.53E-01 | 0.270 (2.017) | 8.93E-01 | 9.29E-01 | 10.396 (7.390) | 1.87E-01 | 6.68E-01 | 1 | − 2.322 (1.706) | 2.01E-01 | 4.56E-01 |
Strenuous sports | 6 | 39 | − 1.951 (4.816) | 6.85E-01 | 7.13E-01 | − 2.548 (4.574) | 5.78E-01 | 8.85E-01 | 3.982 (25.233) | 8.82E-01 | 9.68E-01 | 0 | − 1.951 (4.816) | 7.02E-01 | 7.63E-01 |
Walking | 21 | 34 | − 4.313 (1.236) | 4.85E-04 | 4.21E-03 | − 4.474 (1.825) | 1.43E-02 | 7.41E-02 | 1.831 (12.868) | 8.88E-01 | 9.68E-01 | 0 | − 4.313 (1.218) | 2.05E-03 | 1.71E-02 |
Other physical activity | 14 | 38 | − 1.339 (1.385) | 3.34E-01 | 5.38E-01 | − 0.377 (1.851) | 8.39E-01 | 9.29E-01 | − 1.190 (10.917) | 9.15E-01 | 9.68E-01 | 0 | − 1.339 (1.385) | 3.51E-01 | 4.88E-01 |
No physical activity | 5 | 33 | 3.361 (5.439) | 5.37E-01 | 6.64E-01 | − 2.561 (6.426) | 6.90E-01 | 8.85E-01 | − 70.264 (59.182) | 3.21E-01 | 7.71E-01 | 0 | 3.361 (5.439) | 5.70E-01 | 6.79E-01 |
Food intake | |||||||||||||||
Dried fruit (1SD) | 43 | 42 | − 1.523 (0.504) | 2.51E-03 | 1.31E-02 | − 1.711 (0.646) | 8.04E-03 | 5.23E-02 | − 3.149 (2.299) | 1.78E-01 | 6.68E-01 | 0 | − 1.523 (0.504) | 4.27E-03 | 2.13E-02 |
Fresh fruit (1SD) | 56 | 45 | − 0.627 (0.600) | 2.96E-01 | 5.38E-02 | − 0.804 (0.783) | 3.05E-01 | 7.20E-01 | 1.126 (2.237) | 6.17E-01 | 8.72E-01 | 1 | − 0.847 (0.566) | 1.55E-01 | 3.88E-01 |
Salad (1SD) | 17 | 37 | − 0.908 (1.222) | 4.57E-01 | 6.60E-01 | − 0.549 (1.312) | 6.75E-01 | 8.85E-01 | 3.574 (6.274) | 5.77E-01 | 8.72E-01 | 1 | 0.138 (1.067) | 8.99E-01 | 8.99E-01 |
Cooked vegetable (1SD) | 17 | 38 | − 0.525 (1.061) | 6.20E-01 | 6.79E-01 | 0.632 (1.098) | 5.65E-01 | 8.85E-01 | − 1.299 (11.902) | 9.15E-01 | 9.68E-01 | 1 | 0.179 (0.838) | 8.34E-01 | 8.69E-01 |
Oily fish (1SD) | 69 | 44 | − 0.670 (0.313) | 3.21E-02 | 1.04E-01 | − 0.859 (0.436) | 4.86E-02 | 1.99E-01 | − 0.621 (1.364) | 6.50E-01 | 8.72E-01 | 0 | − 0.670 (0.313) | 3.57E-02 | 1.27E-01 |
Nonoily fish (1SD) | 12 | 44 | − 0.463 (0.819) | 5.72E-01 | 6.76E-01 | 0.787 (1.123) | 4.83E-01 | 8.85E-01 | -5.450 (4.026) | 2.06E-01 | 6.68E-01 | 0 | -0.463 (0.786) | 5.68E-01 | 6.79E-01 |
Cereal (1SD) | 39 | 45 | − 0.385 (0.411) | 3.49E-01 | 5.38E-01 | − 0.191 (0.596) | 7.49E-01 | 8.85E-01 | -2.646 (1.744) | 1.38E-01 | 6.68E-01 | 0 | − 0.385 (0.393) | 3.33E-01 | 4.88E-01 |
Bacon (1SD) | 3 | 32 | − 0.515 (0.834) | 5.37E-01 | 6.64E-01 | − 0.782 (1.010) | 4.39E-01 | 8.77E-01 | − 0.107 (1.736) | 9.61E-01 | 9.68E-01 | – | – | – | – |
Processed meat (1SD) | 23 | 39 | − 0.557 (0.518) | 2.82E-01 | 5.38E-01 | − 0.927 (0.708) | 1.91E-01 | 5.51E-01 | − 1.905 (2.698) | 4.88E-01 | 8.46E-01 | 0 | − 0.557 (0.518) | 2.94E-01 | 4.72E-01 |