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Table 1 Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics of cardiogenic extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients grouping by survivor and non-survivor

From: Epigenomic biomarkers insights in PBMCs for prognostic assessment of ECMO-treated cardiogenic shock patients

Variablea

All

Survivor

Non-survivor

p-value

N = 34

N = 12

N = 22

Baseline variables

Age*

52.4 (45.7, 59.3)

52.0 (47.6, 56.7)

52.4 (42.4, 59.2)

0.880

Gender

0.714

Male

24 (71%)

8 (67%)

16 (73%)

 

Female

10 (29%)

4 (33%)

6 (27%)

 

BMI (kg/m2)*

24.0 (21.9, 28.1)

24.0 (22.7, 25.6)

24.0 (20.7, 28.8)

0.989

Preexisting comorbidity

Coronary heart disease

19 (56%)

7 (58%)

12 (55%)

1.000

Diabetes mellitus

26 (77%)

12 (100%)

14 (64%)

0.030

Dialysis

29 (85%)

12 (100%)

17 (77%)

0.137

Hypertension

19 (56%)

8 (67%)

11 (50%)

0.476

Smoking

28 (82%)

10 (83%)

18 (82%)

1.000

NYHA scale

0.263

I

18 (53%)

9 (75%)

9 (41%)

 

II

3 (9%)

1 (8%)

2 (9%)

 

III

8 (24%)

1 (8%)

7 (32%)

 

IV

5 (29%)

1 (8%)

4 (18%)

 

Primary diagnosis

0.379

Acute myocardial infarction

15 (44%)

5 (42%)

10 (45%)

 

Dilated cardiomyopathy

9 (26%)

2 (17%)

7 (32%)

 

Acute myocarditis

6 (18%)

4 (33%)

2 (9%)

 

Arrhythmia

2 (6%)

1 (8%)

1 (5%)

 

Dissection of aortic aneurysm

2 (6%)

0 (0%)

2 (9%)

 

Pre and during ECMO parameters

Glasgow coma scale

1.000

Severe, 3–8

12 (35%)

4 (33%)

8 (36%)

 

Moderate, 9–12

4 (12%)

1 (8%)

3 (14%)

 

Minor, 13–15

18 (53%)

7 (58%)

11 (50%)

 

Bicarbonate infusion

19 (56%)

8 (67%)

11 (50%)

0.476

Action dialysis

13 (38%)

6 (50%)

7 (32%)

0.462

Action reperfusion

14 (41%)

3 (25%)

11 (50%)

0.275

BSA dose (m2)*

1.7 (1.5, 1.9)

1.7 (1.6, 1.8)

1.7 (1.5, 1.9)

0.645

Total bilirubin (µmol/L)*

36.4 (35.5, 36.9)

36.4 (35.7, 36.9)

36.5 (35.5, 36.9)

0.524

Heart Rate (beats/min)*

120 (89, 135)

124 (115, 143)

110 (87, 126)

0.062

Respiratory Rate (breath/min)*

16 (12, 20)

18 (16, 22)

14 (12, 18)

0.176

Pre-ECMO blood pressure*

SBP (mm Hg)

91 (82, 106)

102 (93, 122)

88 (78, 95)

0.065

DBP (mm Hg)

55 (45, 65)

65 (50, 68)

53 (45, 58)

0.518

CVP (mm Hg)

15 (12, 18)

12 (12, 15)

15 (13, 18)

0.290

Pre-ECMO ventilator settings*

PaO2/FiO2

110 (57, 270)

96 (60, 161)

128 (57, 282)

0.318

FiO2 (%) a

82.1 (24.2)

83.8 (23.5)

81.1 (25.2)

0.763

Pre-ECMO blood gas*

pH

7.3 (7.2, 7.5)

7.4 (7.2, 7.4)

7.3 (7.2, 7.5)

0.859

PaCO2 (mmHg)

33.0 (27.5, 43.7)

35.0 (31.4, 47.0)

31.7 (27.4, 43.7)

0.553

PaO2 (mmHg)

88 (57, 157)

81 (60, 91)

106 (57, 177)

0.505

HCO3 (mmol/L)

18.9 (13.7, 24.0)

20.4 (13.8, 24.4)

18.0 (13.0, 21.4)

0.362

Base excess (mmol/L)

− 4.8 (− 13.7, − 0.6))

− 5.4 (− 10.4, − 2.3)

− 4.1 (− 13.7, − 0.6)

0.901

Na (mEq/L)

138 (133, 142)

136 (134, 141)

140 (133, 143)

0.242

K (mEq/L)

4.2 (3.9, 4.9)

4.9 (4.0, 5.2)

4.1 (3.9, 4.5)

0.139

Lactate (mmol/L)

7.5 (3.1, 12.1)

7.4 (4.9, 8.8)

7.5 (2.9, 14.4)

0.530

ECMO support parameters

Pre-ECMO CPR

23 (68%)

9 (75%)

14 (64%)

0.705

During ECMO CPR

22 (65%)

9 (75%)

13 (59%)

0.465

Duration of ECMO (h)*

79.1 (55.6, 160.1)

143.7 (86.4, 157.3)

68.9 (39.2, 160.0)

0.682

  1. Data are given as n (%) or median, interquartile range (IQR)
  2. BMI, Body mass index; BSA, body surface area; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; CVP, central venous pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; NYHA, New York Heart Association heart failure classification system; PaCO2, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide; PaO2, partial pressure of arterial oxygen; SBP, systolic blood pressure
  3. *Welch two sample t test analysis; otherwise, using Fisher exact test analysis
  4. aMean ± standard deviation (± SD)
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Clinical Epigenetics

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