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Table 1 Baseline demographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics of the study participants according to the sleep quality

From: The association between sleep quality and accelerated epigenetic aging with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults

Characteristics

Total (N = 692)

Good sleepers (N = 441)

Poor sleepers (N = 251)

p-value

PSQI

4.0 (3.0–6.0)

3.0 (2.0–4.0)

7.0 (6.0–9.0)

 < 0.01

Age, years

54.0 (50–60)

53.0 (50.0–59.0)

55.0(51.0–61.5)

0.08

Sex (%)

    

 Male

420 (60.6)

289 (65.5)

130 (51.8)

 < 0.01

 Female

273 (39.4)

152 (34.5)

121 (48.2)

 

Monthly income (%)

    

  ≤ 200 million KRW

175 (25.3)

100 (22.7)

75 (29.9)

 < 0.05

  > 200 million KRW

518 (74.7)

341 (77.3)

176 (70.1)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

24.4 (22.6–26.2)

24.4 (22.7–26.4)

24.2 (22.6–26.0)

0.59

PA (MET-hour/day)

41.8(5.7)

42.2 (5.7)

41.0 (5.7)

0.43

Smoking status (%)

    

 Non-smoker

345 (49.8)

234 (47.7)

111 (55.0)

0.09

 Former smoker

223 (32.3)

165 (33.6)

59 (29.2)

 

 Current smoker

124 (17.9)

92 (18.7)

32 (15.8)

 

Drinking status (%)

    

 Non-drinker

345 (43.4)

209 (42.6)

92 (45.5)

0.45

 Former drinker

224 (3.3)

16 (3.2)

7 (3.5)

 

 Current drinker

124 (53.3)

266 (54.2)

103 (51.0)

 

HbA1C (%)

5.5 (5.3–6.2)

5.5 (5.3–6.1)

5.5 (5.3–6.4)

0.32

HDL (mg/dL)

42.0 (36.0–50.0)

42.0 (36.0–50.0)

42.0 (35.0–50.0)

0.89

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

118.0(85.0–171.2)

115.0 (84.0–167.0)

123.0(86.5–174.5)

0.72

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

195.5(171.0–219.2)

195.0 (171.0–218.0))

198.0(172.0–222.0)

0.18

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

94.0(88.0–107.2)

94.0 (88.0–107.0)

93.0 (87.0–110.0)

0.63

Blood pressure (mmHg)

    

 Systolic BP

113.0(105.0–123.0)

113 (106.0–124.0)

114.0(103.0–122.0)

0.18

 Diastolic BP

76.0 (69.0–81.0)

76 (70.0–82.0)

76 (69.0–80.0)

0.10

 Insulin (µIU/mL)

8.2 (6.2–10.7)

8.1(6.1–10.6)

8.5 (6.4–10.9)

0.25

 hs-CRP (mg/L)

0.7 (0.3–1.2)

0.7 (0.4–1.2)

0.6 (0.3–1.3)

0.61

 WBC (Thous/µL)

5.4 (4.5–6.5)

5.4 (4.6–6.5)

5.4 (4.5–6.5)

0.79

Chronic diseases

    

 Hypertensiona (%)

34 (4.9)

23 (5.2)

11 (4.4)

0.76

 Diabetesa (%)

21 (3.0)

9 (2.0)

12 (4.8)

0.07

 Hyperlipidemiaa (%)

22 (3.2)

11(2.5)

11 (4.4)

0.26

 Metabolic syndrome (%)

226 (32.7)

139 (31.5)

87 (34.7)

0.45

  1. PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PA physical activity; MET metabolic equivalent test; BMI body mass index; KRW Korean Won; HbA1C glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; HDL high-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP high sensitive-C reactive protein; WBC white blood cell count. Data are presented as median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) or mean (SD) for continuous variables and number (%) for categorical variables. adiagnosed by medical doctor. Independent t test for normally distributed data or Willcoxon rank sum test for non-normally distributed data was used for continuous variables, and Chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Poor sleepers are PSQI score > 5
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Clinical Epigenetics

ISSN: 1868-7083

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